Friday, September 4, 2020

Healthy Woman Check Ups, Do they make a difference Essay

Sound Woman Check Ups, Do they have any kind of effect - Essay Example It is significant for ladies to get normal registration, since screening tests, for example, mammograms and Pap tests, can discover ailments early, when they are simpler to treat. A few ladies need certain screening tests prior or more regularly than other ladies. Screening and routine consideration can assist ladies with bringing down their danger of numerous wellbeing conditions including heart ailments. National Women’s Check-up Day which happens each fourteenth of May was built up by the U.S. Branch of Health and Human Services’ Office on Women’s Health to urge ladies to visit social insurance experts to get or plan registration and advance normal registration as they are imperative to empower the early location illnesses. With the present occupied ways of life, discovering time to visit the specialist can regularly be troublesome however it is significant not to disregard our wellbeing. Standard wellbeing registration are significant for ladies. Indeed, even without indications, numerous doctors suggest normal, yearly specialist visits and physicals for females all things considered. A full registration for ladies incorporates a complete work-up for general wellbeing, including heart maladies, cholesterol, diabetes, significant organ capacities, osteoporosis and normal diseases like liver and colon malignant growth. Explicitly intended for ladies, the arrangement likewise screens for bosom, ovarian and cervical malignant growths just as pelvic issue. Doctors incorporate the data you give from your indications, past medical issues, physical assessment and testing to recognize malady or a danger of sickness. On the off chance that you feel well and have an ordinary test, it's probable you are sound. Shockingly, numerous conditions can get away from discovery even with the best clinical consideration. Which tests and screenings you need relies upon your age, wellbeing and family ancestry, and way of life decisions, for example, what you e at, how dynamic you are, and whether you smoke. Bosom malignant growth screening expects to recognize the infection right off the bat in ladies and in this manner decrease mortality from bosom disease. It may not be financially savvy to screen all ladies similarly frequently, but instead to dispense assets lopsidedly across ladies at various dangers of creating bosom disease. This ailment weight can be diminished if cases are recognized and rewarded early. Pap smear for cervical malignant growth, permit the early ID of disease or pre-malignant growth before signs are unmistakable [PCND, 2008]. Screening for bosom and cervical malignant growth are unequivocally related with a decrease in disease mortality [Kerlikowske et al. 1995]. Proof Based screening plans and European rules suggest a mammography like clockwork for ladies matured 50-69 and Pap test at regular intervals for ladies matured 25-64 [Perry et al. 2006, ACS, 2011]. Financial variables were demonstrated to be firmly ident ified with the utilization of preventive administrations [Lorant et al. 2002]. Incongruities in the usage of female screening were broadly recognized. Relative examinations on the utilization of preventive administrations in Europe demonstrated imbalances in the cooperation to screening programs, despite the fact that the size of the disparity shifted among nations [Palencia et al. 2010]. Ladies with lower wellbeing education are more averse to do routine malignant growth screening. Ethnic minority, mature age and low financial status are totally joined by a low possibility of experiencing malignant growth screening methods [Ackenson, 2007]. In the US attributes related with lower paces of Pap test utilize included low family pay and low instructive

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Biography of Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek

Life story of Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek Planner Norma Merrick Sklarek (conceived April 15, 1926 in Harlem, New York) worked off camera on probably the biggest engineering ventures in America. Prominent in engineering history as the main Black American lady enlisted draftsman in New York and California, Sklarek was likewise the primary Black lady to be chosen for the renowned Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA). Notwithstanding being the creation engineer for some prominent Gruen and Associates ventures, Sklarek turned into a good example to numerous young ladies entering the male-ruled design calling. Sklareks inheritance as a guide is significant. Due to the variations she looked in her life and profession, Norma Merrick Sklarek could be thoughtful to the battles of others. She drove with her appeal, effortlessness, knowledge, and difficult work. She never pardoned prejudice and sexism however invigorated others the to manage afflictions. Draftsman Roberta Washington has called Sklarek the prevailing mother hen to all of us. Others have called her The Rosa Parks of Architecture. Quick Facts: Norma Sklarek Occupation: Architect   Also Known as: Norma Merrick Sklarek, Norma Merrick Fairweather, Norma MerrickBorn: April 15, 1926 in Harlem, New YorkDied: February 6, 2012 in Los Angeles, CaliforniaEducation: B.Arch. from Columbia University’s School of Architecture (1950)Architecture with Cesar Pelli: San Bernardino City Hall (1972) ; Columbus Courthouse Center in Indiana (1973); Pacific Design Center in California (1975); The U.S. Government office in Tokyo, Japan (1978)Key Accomplishments: As a Black female, Sklarek turned into a very much regarded venture executive and instructor inside the white male overwhelmed field of architecture.Fun Fact: Sklarek been known as The Rosa Parks of Architecture East Coast Years Norma Merrick was destined to West Indian guardians who had moved to Harlem, New York. Sklareks father, a specialist, urged her to exceed expectations in school and to look for a vocation in a field not typically open to females or to Americans of shading. She went to Hunter High School, an all-young ladies tycoon school, and Barnard College, a womans school related with Columbia University, which didn't acknowledge ladies understudies at that point. In 1950 she earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree. In the wake of accepting her degree, Norma Merrick couldn't look for some kind of employment at an engineering firm. In the wake of being dismissed by many firms, she took a vocation at the New York Department of Public Works. While working there fromâ 1950 to 1954 she read for and spent the tiring, week-long arrangement of tests to turn into an authorized modeler in New York State - on her first attempt. She was then in a superior situation to join the huge New York office of Skidmore, Owings Merrill (SOM), working there from 1955 until 1960. Ten years subsequent to winning her design degree, she chose to move toward the West coast. West Coast Years It was Sklareks long relationship with Gruen and Associates in Los Angeles, California where she made her name inside the design network. From 1960 until 1980 she utilized both her design mastery and her undertaking the executives abilities to understand the numerous multi-million dollar tasks of the huge Gruen firm - turning into the organizations first female chief in 1966. Sklareks race and sex frequently were showcasing disservices at the hour of her work with major compositional firms. At the point when she was a chief at Gruen Associates, Sklarek teamed up with Argentina-conceived Cã ©sar Pelli on various ventures. Pelli was Gruens Design Partner from 1968 to 1976, which connected his name with new structures. As Production Director, Skarek had enormous obligations yet was once in a while recognized on the completed venture. Just the U.S. International safe haven in Japan has recognized Sklareks commitments - the Embassy site expressed that The structure was planned by Cã ©sar Pelli and Norma Merrick Sklarek of Gruen Associates of Los Angeles and developed by Obayashi Corporation, as clear and matter-of-certainty as Sklarek herself. Following 20 years with Gruen, Sklarek left and from 1980 until 1985 became Vice President at Welton Becket Associates in Santa Monica, California. While there, she coordinated the development of Terminal One at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), which opened in an ideal opportunity for the 1984 summer Olympic games in Los Angeles. In 1985 she left Welton Becket to build up Siegel, Sklarek, Diamond, an all-lady association with Margot Siegel and Katherine Diamond. Sklarek is said to have missed taking a shot at the enormous, confused undertakings of past positions, thus she completed her expert vocation as Principal at the Jerde Partnership in Venice, California from 1989 until her retirement in 1992. Relationships Conceived Norma Merrick, she was hitched multiple times. She is otherwise called Norma Merrick Fairweather, and her two children are Fairweathers. Sklarek was the name of Norma Merricks second spouse, designer Rolf Sklarek, whom she wedded in 1967. It becomes justifiable why proficient ladies regularly keep their original names, as Merrick changed her name again in 1985 when she wedded Dr. Cornelius Welch, her significant other at the hour of her passing. Statement In engineering, I had positively no good example. Im glad today to be a good example for other people, that follow. Demise Norma Sklarek passed on of cardiovascular breakdown at her home on February 6, 2012. She lived with her third spouse in Pacific Palisades, a princely local location of Los Angeles, California. Inheritance Sklareks life has been loaded up with numerous firsts. She was the primary Black lady to be authorized as a draftsman in New York (1954) and in California (1962). In 1959, Sklarek turned into the principal Black lady to turn into an individual from the American planners national expert association, the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1980, she was the principal lady to be chosen a Fellow of the AIA (FAIA). Its striking that in 1923 Paul Revere Williams turned into the principal Black planner to turn into an individual from the AIA, and he rose to turn into a Fellow in 1957. In 1985, Norma Sklarek set up and dealt with the California firm Siegel, Sklarek, Diamond, one of the primary lady possessed and worked engineering firm. Norma Merrick Sklarek teamed up with plan designers to change building thoughts from paper to structural real factors. Plan draftsmen for the most part get all the kudos for a structure, however similarly as significant is the creation modeler who sees the undertaking to fulfillment. Austrian-conceived Victor Gruen has for some time been credited with developing the American shopping center, however Sklarek was prepared to complete the plans, making changes when important and taking care of structure issues progressively. Sklareks most noteworthy task coordinated efforts remember City Hall for San Bernardino, California, Fox Plaza in San Francisco, California, the first Terminal One at the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in California, Commons - Courthouse Center in Columbus, Indiana, the Blue Whale of the Pacific Design Center in Los Angeles, the U.S. Consulate in Tokyo, Japan, Leo Baeck Temple in Los Angeles, and the Mall of America in Minneapolis, Minnesota. As a Black American designer, Norma Sklarek more than made due in a troublesome calling - she flourished. Raised during Americas Great Depression, Norma Merrick built up an insight and persistence of soul that turned into an impact to numerous others in her field. She demonstrated that the engineering calling has a spot for anybody ready to endure at accomplishing great work. Sources AIA Audio Interiew: Norma Merrick Sklarek. aia.org/akr/Resources/Audio/AIAP037892?dvidrecspecAIAP037892Bellows, Layla. Norma Sklarek, FAIA: A Litany of Firsts that Defined a Career, and a Legacy. AIA Architect. aia.org/rehearsing/AIAB093149Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation. Norma Merrick Sklarek.â bwaf.org/dna/document/passage/norma-merrick-sklarekBWAF Staff. Roberta Washington, FAIA, Makes A Place, Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, February 09, 2012. bwaf.org/roberta-washington-faia-makes-a-place/National Visionary Leadership Project. Norma Sklarek: National Visionary. visionaryproject.org/sklareknorma/U.S. Branch of State. International safe haven of the United States, Tokyo, Japan. http://aboutusa.japan.usembassy.gov/e/jusa-usj-embassy.html

Friday, August 21, 2020

The changing of cool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The changing of cool - Essay Example To be keen and inventive is cool and has to be a colossal thing, it could simply be savvy and innovative to your own life, vocation or anything. It’s now the time that one turns into the cool producer at the end of the day 'The Merchants of cool, for example, Mark Zuckerberg who is the maker of Facebook, Steve Jobs who is the maker of Apple or Marc Jacobs and so forth. It is presently an opportunity to change the cool and the attitude of individuals particularly youngsters so we can have new individuals like Steve Jobs and Zuckerberg rising; presently this will be cool in genuine pith. Because of this ‘being cool’ wonder most adolescents are really losing their uniqueness to contend with the regularly developing innovation and coolness. As Fromm stated, if people found to take up their own cognizant selves, totally and uninhibitedly then they would find that they are not any more alone: they would have themselves for association. When one has association one can e ncounter innocuous or generous toward others. For Fromm, it was the main response to the issue of the estranged individuals with respect to the present innovation. The main factor which can protect humankind right now from its own spirit pulverizing isolation is an individual's ability to possess what is known as the true self. In the event that you get legitimacy, you would be repaid with the internal quietness which is important to turn into a free operator. We are currently dwelling in a spot where â€Å"economic, open and legislative conditions don't give an establishment to the comprehension of personality.† So now on the off chance that we need our credibility and independence back we have to deal with it ourselves. Erudite people have said that they simply made them thing which is commercialization. The longing of life goodsâ€escapist conformismâ€would etherize the undiscovered starvation for a bona fide self. (Boston Review 2013) As talked about prior, we should investigate what the 'producers of cool' do and how they do what makes the young people of today so insane that for them 'being cool' is the top most thing. So cutting edge did an overview on 'The traders of cool' , the producers and providers of notable present day way of life are the individuals who have really made the youngsters the most notable client advertise in the United States. Yet, the inquiry emerges that are these individuals essentially demonstrating youngster wishes or have they begun to create those desires themselves in an offered to secure this productive market? Furthermore, have these individuals go too far in their push to accomplish the desires and cash of the adolescent? Douglass Rushkoff, the forefront correspondent, explores the strategies, techniques, and open results of these advancement head honchos in The Merchants of cool review made by Barak Goodman and Rachel Dretzin, the projects converses with all the top advertisers, press experts and social/media specialists, and inspects the association between the press and contemporary youngsters, on the grounds that in a way every look to the next for its distinguishing proof. Young people are the most looked for after clients in the market. In a year, The United Sate's youngsters contributed around 100 billion dollars, while affecting their parents’ to contribute another 50 billion dollars. However, it isn't that simple as it

Running Head Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Running Head - Essay Example Moreover, the article gives confirmation of the helpfulness of self-administration obstructions and advances a possible framework, self-adequacy, by which these mediations work (Lorig and Holman, p. 1-2, 2003). Towards the end, the article discusses difficulties just as answers for consolidating self-administration culture into the commonplace operational frameworks. Article 2: A Stitch in Time: Self-Regulation and Proactive Coping. Inside a hypothetical and sequential diagram, got from concentrate on open cognizance, shared dealings, just as apprehensive pressure and managing it, the scholars investigate the systems by which people expect or notice potential stressors just as act in advance to stop them or to offset their power. The framework recognizes 5 stages in down to earth adapting: (1) hold gathering, (2) affirmation of potential stressors, (3) fundamental assessment, (4) early on overseeing endeavors, and (5) elicitation notwithstanding usage of supposition concerning essent ial endeavors. The journalists clarify the piece of individual divergences, skill, and capital on each stage. They draw consideration towards the restrictive gauges managed by a fixation on viable administration just as the criticalness of thinking about how people avoid just as repay potential stressors. People are differently prescribed to be on comfortable footing with signs implying that issue is prospective and to plan something for foresee or to decrease a horrendous occurrence. Truth be told, in various life fields, people experience superb outcomes or maintain a strategic distance from awful ones because of their down to earth endeavors. â€Å"Effective proactive adapting includes the marshaling of time, cash, arranging and hierarchical aptitudes, social help, and, to the degree conceivable, the administration of the constant weight so when, definitely, stressors are recognized, one is set up however much as could be expected to oversee them† (Aspinwall and Taylor, pp . 421, 1997). Article 3: Beyond Self-Management: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment. The usage of work bunches continues creating. It is a group of people who work ‘interdependently’ to determine issues or to accomplish work. As both the use of work bunches inside business alongside the degree of study on bunches has improved, analysts have thought more to specialist strengthening. Research on engaged gatherings has fallen behind on self-overseeing gatherings, or gatherings whose partners compose them, assign occupations, and plan. Self-overseeing bunches have been connected with high productivity, incredible client assistance, security, proficient satisfaction, and authoritative affirmation. Various partners utilize the terms enabled gatherings and self-overseeing bunches indistinguishably; notwithstanding, others recognize the recognitions (Kirkman and Rosen, pp. 63-64, 1999). Regardless of the semantic vulnerability, there has been exceptionally limited quantity of commonsense work on bunches carefully named as engaged gatherings. Of late, a theoretical model of enabled bunch has been built up that separates the idea from self-overseeing gatherings. The point of this article was to test hypothesis made by the model of gathering strengthening. â€Å"

Saturday, July 11, 2020

How Can I Use Samples to Make My Weak Essay Questions More Challenging?

How Can I Use Samples to Make My Weak Essay Questions More Challenging?The question 'How can I use samples to make my weak essay questions more challenging?' is very similar to asking 'What can I use to make my weak essay questions more challenging? '.When it comes to any kind of writing, it is always best to start with problems posed by someone else. This makes it a lot easier to get started and increases the likelihood that you will be able to move on to harder problems when you are ready. And the best thing about using sample essays is that they already contain problems. That means that if you think you don't have what it takes to complete them, then all you need to do is follow the format, follow the tips and tricks, and make use of the problems.So, as a way to make your weak essay questions more challenging, you can take advantage of samples that contain some of the most common weak essay questions. For example, if you're trying to figure out how to solve grammar problems, it's always good to get a feel for how the problem should be answered. There are many topics that can be approached this way, but I'm going to focus on grammatical problems in a minute.The second type of question that I want to look at is 'How can I make my weak essay questions easier?' There are many ways to make a weakness more difficult. One way is to write an essay that has absolutely no rhythm. It seems like just about every student in the world who wants to write a paper has done exactly that - this type of paper is very easy to write and easy to answer, but when you put it up for test, it will be impossible.Another way to make a single question harder is to use Roman numerals. The trick is to figure out the difficulty level based on how hard it is to write in Roman numerals versus English. By taking the correct approach to the grammar or spelling questions, it can actually make it more difficult to answer in order to give the essay a more even difficulty level.A final question is 'Can I make my essay easier by using samples?' For example, a very common essay question is 'How can I improve my essay's usage of hyperlinks?' This kind of question is usually used to analyze the essay, to evaluate the author's knowledge of the topic, or to make sure that the author follows a certain pattern. The type of paper or project that has a problem with hyperlinks can use samples to improve their essay, so long as they can show how the hyperlinks work correctly.The main idea behind studying by using samples is to get in the habit of thinking of the main idea of the essay. There are times when students forget that they are writing an essay. They just sort of 'get' the theme and start writing. If the essay seems to have a theme, then it may be a good idea to use a sample for that theme.Using samples for weak essay questions is a great way to move forward with writing an essay. It doesn't have to be difficult, because there are many samples that are easy to find. If you really want to learn how to make a weak essay question tougher, it is helpful to make it easier by using sample essays that contain some of the most common weak essay questions.

Wednesday, June 24, 2020

Inventory Carrying Costs Paraphrasing Out Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Inventory carrying costs can be defined as the cost related to hold / store in the inventory. The inventory costs are considered to be the highest hidden and unknown costs in the world of business. Most of the managers consider inventory holding costs normally from 15 to 35% of the inventory value, but on the other hand there are also some businessmen and co-operations which do not consider the inventory carrying cost even though these costs are real and substantial and matter a lot. The cost of carrying inventory has a direct relation with the number of ware houses that a company have but also on the firms distribution polices, for example if we have same customer service level, low inventory carrying cost could result in the use of different ware houses which can also slows down the mode of transportation such as railroads. Whereas the high inventory carrying costs could lead in limited number of stock ware houses which save time and results in faster transportation by motor carriers or aircrafts in order to provide same service in both the cases. If we dont know the exact and accurate estimation of inventory carrying cost of a firm, then that firm or company will not be able to choose the distribution policies which would minimize its costs, but if we know the accurate total cost associated with carrying cost of inventory then we know the cost tradeoffs which can be made within the logistics system. Fig-1 illustrates the tradeoffs that are necessary when developing policies like customers service levels, purchasing policies, transportation policies and warehousing systems if maximum corporate profitability is to be realized. The basic Cost Categories There are 4 basic types of cost which should be considered wile calculating the inventory carrying cost which are: Capital costs Inventory service costs Storage space cost Inventory risk costs. These are explained in detail as follow Capital Costs Most of the businessman is of the view that investing inventories is relatively liquid and riskless investment because they feel that they will get somewhat a lower return on the inventory investment. However holding inventory requires capital which could have been used in other investments and by investment money as inventory the company/ firm foregoes the rate of return that could be obtained by doing such type of investment. Therefore the companys opportunity cost of capital should be applied to the investment in inventory. Moreover this cost of capital should be made by out of pocket investment in inventory. Many companies also use some variation of absorption for the inventory valuation; in this they consider only the manufacturing costs that are relevant which are cost of capital, the companys minimum acceptable rate of return should be applied to the variable costs which are directly related with the inventory. The measurement of the cost of capital is very complex. Lets consider an example From the article same to same The coupon rate on bounds is not an accurate measure of cost of debt capital, so to measure the cost of debt capital; the impact of the marginal use of debt on the market price of common stock must be eliminated. Also from the fig. used for the cost of capital will depend on whether the security valuation is made on the basis of investment opportunities, stream of dividends, stream of earnings or discounted cash flow. What is required is a straightforward method of calculating the cost of capital that can be easily understood and applied by businessmen. In most business situations available capital must be rationed to the most attractive investments possibilities. James Moa has explained the concept of a hurdle rate the rate over which the projects will be accepted rate of return for use in the situations where capital is rationed. He defined the rate as the rate of return on the marginal investments, due to the principles of opportunity costs. Consider an example, a firm which pays 10% for funds that it acquires and because of capital rationing the marginal investments promising annual returns of 15%, although the cost of capital is only 10%. This means that relevant time value of money is measured by the return on the most profitable investments. Of course this 15% hurdle rate could also be selected as the cost of capital to the firm. The hurdle concept should be used in order to calculate the actual cost involved. It must be used by the companies experiencing capital rationing, and where the capital rationing is not used the capital invested in inventory is expected to earn a rate competitive with a marketable security and other liquid investments of a firm. Inventory Service Costs: The inventory service costs include the insurance and tax costs. The tax costs vary from state to state depending on the state the inventory is held. If the inventories are exempt to 19.8% of the assessed value than the tax rate may range from zero in those states like in Indiana State. Generally the taxes have a direct relation with the inventory levels like if the inventory level is increasing than the tax rate will also increase or vice versa. While on the other hand the insurance rates are not strictly proportional to the inventory levels, because insurance is usually purchased for a specified time period and insurance policy will be revised periodically based on the expected inventory changes. There are other different reasons that how the insurance rates vary like, they could be affected by the types of materials used in the construction of the building to house the inventory, the buildings age and considerations such as the types of fire prevention equipment installed. Storage Space Costs: In storage space cost 4 types of facilities should be considered which are: Plant warehouses. Public warehouses. Rented (leased) warehouses. Privately owned warehouses. These are explained in detail as follow: Plant warehouses: The costs related to plant warehouses are mostly fixed in nature but there are some variable costs such as the cost the cost of taking inventory and other direct expenses should be included in inventory carrying costs. Incase if the warehouse space is rented or used for some productive purpose but not for storing inventory only then fixed charges and allocated costs are concerned otherwise they irrelevant. Space in Public warehouses: Some things Copied The space in public warehouses is usually rented on a dollar per hundred weight or on a volume occupied basis. As the public warehouses is the most economical way to provide the desired level of customer service without incurring excessive transportation costs. Due to this reason mostly the costs related to public warehouses are considered as throughput costs and only charges for recurring storage that are explicitly or implicitly|(select other words) included in costs. and more the cost of capital related with holding inventory in public warehouses must be included in the cost of carrying inventory. This cost is equal to the variable manufacturing cost plus variable distribution cost, multiplied by the opportunity cost of capital or the hurdle rate. Rented (leased) warehouses: Rented or leased warehouses are normally contacted or leased for a specified period of time. The amount of space which is rented depends upon the maximum amount needed for the period of contract. The warehouse rental charges are fixed and do not vary from day to day with the change in the inventory level, but while on the other hand the rental charges may vary to month to month or year to year until a new contract is made. In most case the rented warehouse charges are mostly fixed but some may vary with the amount of inventory held. In any case these costs could be abolished by not renewing the contract. However these costs should not be included in the inventory carrying cost but in the warehousing cost category. (See exhibit 1). Fig.1 Privately Owned warehouse copied All the operating costs could be eliminated by closing down a privately owned warehouse or the net savings resulting from change to public warehouses should be included in warehousing costs and not I the inventory carrying costs. Inventory Risk Costs: Copied Inventory risk cost is a type a variable cost that varies from company to company. It includes charges for obsolescence, damage, pilferage, and relocation of inventory. The cost of obsolescence is the cost of each unit which must be disposed of at a loss because it becomes old. The costs associated with the damaged goods should be included only for the portion of damage which is directly attributable to the volume of inventory held. The damage incurred during shipping is considered a throughput cost since it will continue regardless of the inventory level. Problems associated with the inventory risk cost: Shrinkage: The problem of shrinkage occurs due to pilfering. (i.e. inventory theft) for American businessmen. They consider this problem more an important than cash frauds or cash embezzlement, because it is hard to control and this cost may be closely related to company security measure than inventory level depending upon the number of warehouse locations. Relocation cost: (copied) Relocation costs are the cost associated with the transshipment of inventory from one warehouse to another to avoid obsolescence. Mostly these costs are the result of tradeoffs between transportation and warehousing costs and not relevant for the inventory holding cost.