Healthy Woman Check Ups, Do they make a difference Essay

Sound Woman Check Ups, Do they have any kind of effect - Essay Example It is significant for ladies to get normal registration, since screening tests, for example, mammograms and Pap tests, can discover ailments early, when they are simpler to treat. A few ladies need certain screening tests prior or more regularly than other ladies. Screening and routine consideration can assist ladies with bringing down their danger of numerous wellbeing conditions including heart ailments. National Women’s Check-up Day which happens each fourteenth of May was built up by the U.S. Branch of Health and Human Services’ Office on Women’s Health to urge ladies to visit social insurance experts to get or plan registration and advance normal registration as they are imperative to empower the early location illnesses. With the present occupied ways of life, discovering time to visit the specialist can regularly be troublesome however it is significant not to disregard our wellbeing. Standard wellbeing registration are significant for ladies. Indeed, even without indications, numerous doctors suggest normal, yearly specialist visits and physicals for females all things considered. A full registration for ladies incorporates a complete work-up for general wellbeing, including heart maladies, cholesterol, diabetes, significant organ capacities, osteoporosis and normal diseases like liver and colon malignant growth. Explicitly intended for ladies, the arrangement likewise screens for bosom, ovarian and cervical malignant growths just as pelvic issue. Doctors incorporate the data you give from your indications, past medical issues, physical assessment and testing to recognize malady or a danger of sickness. On the off chance that you feel well and have an ordinary test, it's probable you are sound. Shockingly, numerous conditions can get away from discovery even with the best clinical consideration. Which tests and screenings you need relies upon your age, wellbeing and family ancestry, and way of life decisions, for example, what you e at, how dynamic you are, and whether you smoke. Bosom malignant growth screening expects to recognize the infection right off the bat in ladies and in this manner decrease mortality from bosom disease. It may not be financially savvy to screen all ladies similarly frequently, but instead to dispense assets lopsidedly across ladies at various dangers of creating bosom disease. This ailment weight can be diminished if cases are recognized and rewarded early. Pap smear for cervical malignant growth, permit the early ID of disease or pre-malignant growth before signs are unmistakable [PCND, 2008]. Screening for bosom and cervical malignant growth are unequivocally related with a decrease in disease mortality [Kerlikowske et al. 1995]. Proof Based screening plans and European rules suggest a mammography like clockwork for ladies matured 50-69 and Pap test at regular intervals for ladies matured 25-64 [Perry et al. 2006, ACS, 2011]. Financial variables were demonstrated to be firmly ident ified with the utilization of preventive administrations [Lorant et al. 2002]. Incongruities in the usage of female screening were broadly recognized. Relative examinations on the utilization of preventive administrations in Europe demonstrated imbalances in the cooperation to screening programs, despite the fact that the size of the disparity shifted among nations [Palencia et al. 2010]. Ladies with lower wellbeing education are more averse to do routine malignant growth screening. Ethnic minority, mature age and low financial status are totally joined by a low possibility of experiencing malignant growth screening methods [Ackenson, 2007]. In the US attributes related with lower paces of Pap test utilize included low family pay and low instructive

Abuse of prescription of narcotics in primary care and its prevention Dissertation - 1

Biography of Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek

Life story of Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek Planner Norma Merrick Sklarek (conceived April 15, 1926 in Harlem, New York) worked off camera on probably the biggest engineering ventures in America. Prominent in engineering history as the main Black American lady enlisted draftsman in New York and California, Sklarek was likewise the primary Black lady to be chosen for the renowned Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA). Notwithstanding being the creation engineer for some prominent Gruen and Associates ventures, Sklarek turned into a good example to numerous young ladies entering the male-ruled design calling. Sklareks inheritance as a guide is significant. Due to the variations she looked in her life and profession, Norma Merrick Sklarek could be thoughtful to the battles of others. She drove with her appeal, effortlessness, knowledge, and difficult work. She never pardoned prejudice and sexism however invigorated others the to manage afflictions. Draftsman Roberta Washington has called Sklarek the prevailing mother hen to all of us. Others have called her The Rosa Parks of Architecture. Quick Facts: Norma Sklarek Occupation: Architect   Also Known as: Norma Merrick Sklarek, Norma Merrick Fairweather, Norma MerrickBorn: April 15, 1926 in Harlem, New YorkDied: February 6, 2012 in Los Angeles, CaliforniaEducation: B.Arch. from Columbia University’s School of Architecture (1950)Architecture with Cesar Pelli: San Bernardino City Hall (1972) ; Columbus Courthouse Center in Indiana (1973); Pacific Design Center in California (1975); The U.S. Government office in Tokyo, Japan (1978)Key Accomplishments: As a Black female, Sklarek turned into a very much regarded venture executive and instructor inside the white male overwhelmed field of architecture.Fun Fact: Sklarek been known as The Rosa Parks of Architecture East Coast Years Norma Merrick was destined to West Indian guardians who had moved to Harlem, New York. Sklareks father, a specialist, urged her to exceed expectations in school and to look for a vocation in a field not typically open to females or to Americans of shading. She went to Hunter High School, an all-young ladies tycoon school, and Barnard College, a womans school related with Columbia University, which didn't acknowledge ladies understudies at that point. In 1950 she earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree. In the wake of accepting her degree, Norma Merrick couldn't look for some kind of employment at an engineering firm. In the wake of being dismissed by many firms, she took a vocation at the New York Department of Public Works. While working there fromâ 1950 to 1954 she read for and spent the tiring, week-long arrangement of tests to turn into an authorized modeler in New York State - on her first attempt. She was then in a superior situation to join the huge New York office of Skidmore, Owings Merrill (SOM), working there from 1955 until 1960. Ten years subsequent to winning her design degree, she chose to move toward the West coast. West Coast Years It was Sklareks long relationship with Gruen and Associates in Los Angeles, California where she made her name inside the design network. From 1960 until 1980 she utilized both her design mastery and her undertaking the executives abilities to understand the numerous multi-million dollar tasks of the huge Gruen firm - turning into the organizations first female chief in 1966. Sklareks race and sex frequently were showcasing disservices at the hour of her work with major compositional firms. At the point when she was a chief at Gruen Associates, Sklarek teamed up with Argentina-conceived Cã ©sar Pelli on various ventures. Pelli was Gruens Design Partner from 1968 to 1976, which connected his name with new structures. As Production Director, Skarek had enormous obligations yet was once in a while recognized on the completed venture. Just the U.S. International safe haven in Japan has recognized Sklareks commitments - the Embassy site expressed that The structure was planned by Cã ©sar Pelli and Norma Merrick Sklarek of Gruen Associates of Los Angeles and developed by Obayashi Corporation, as clear and matter-of-certainty as Sklarek herself. Following 20 years with Gruen, Sklarek left and from 1980 until 1985 became Vice President at Welton Becket Associates in Santa Monica, California. While there, she coordinated the development of Terminal One at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), which opened in an ideal opportunity for the 1984 summer Olympic games in Los Angeles. In 1985 she left Welton Becket to build up Siegel, Sklarek, Diamond, an all-lady association with Margot Siegel and Katherine Diamond. Sklarek is said to have missed taking a shot at the enormous, confused undertakings of past positions, thus she completed her expert vocation as Principal at the Jerde Partnership in Venice, California from 1989 until her retirement in 1992. Relationships Conceived Norma Merrick, she was hitched multiple times. She is otherwise called Norma Merrick Fairweather, and her two children are Fairweathers. Sklarek was the name of Norma Merricks second spouse, designer Rolf Sklarek, whom she wedded in 1967. It becomes justifiable why proficient ladies regularly keep their original names, as Merrick changed her name again in 1985 when she wedded Dr. Cornelius Welch, her significant other at the hour of her passing. Statement In engineering, I had positively no good example. Im glad today to be a good example for other people, that follow. Demise Norma Sklarek passed on of cardiovascular breakdown at her home on February 6, 2012. She lived with her third spouse in Pacific Palisades, a princely local location of Los Angeles, California. Inheritance Sklareks life has been loaded up with numerous firsts. She was the primary Black lady to be authorized as a draftsman in New York (1954) and in California (1962). In 1959, Sklarek turned into the principal Black lady to turn into an individual from the American planners national expert association, the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1980, she was the principal lady to be chosen a Fellow of the AIA (FAIA). Its striking that in 1923 Paul Revere Williams turned into the principal Black planner to turn into an individual from the AIA, and he rose to turn into a Fellow in 1957. In 1985, Norma Sklarek set up and dealt with the California firm Siegel, Sklarek, Diamond, one of the primary lady possessed and worked engineering firm. Norma Merrick Sklarek teamed up with plan designers to change building thoughts from paper to structural real factors. Plan draftsmen for the most part get all the kudos for a structure, however similarly as significant is the creation modeler who sees the undertaking to fulfillment. Austrian-conceived Victor Gruen has for some time been credited with developing the American shopping center, however Sklarek was prepared to complete the plans, making changes when important and taking care of structure issues progressively. Sklareks most noteworthy task coordinated efforts remember City Hall for San Bernardino, California, Fox Plaza in San Francisco, California, the first Terminal One at the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in California, Commons - Courthouse Center in Columbus, Indiana, the Blue Whale of the Pacific Design Center in Los Angeles, the U.S. Consulate in Tokyo, Japan, Leo Baeck Temple in Los Angeles, and the Mall of America in Minneapolis, Minnesota. As a Black American designer, Norma Sklarek more than made due in a troublesome calling - she flourished. Raised during Americas Great Depression, Norma Merrick built up an insight and persistence of soul that turned into an impact to numerous others in her field. She demonstrated that the engineering calling has a spot for anybody ready to endure at accomplishing great work. Sources AIA Audio Interiew: Norma Merrick Sklarek. aia.org/akr/Resources/Audio/AIAP037892?dvidrecspecAIAP037892Bellows, Layla. Norma Sklarek, FAIA: A Litany of Firsts that Defined a Career, and a Legacy. AIA Architect. aia.org/rehearsing/AIAB093149Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation. Norma Merrick Sklarek.â bwaf.org/dna/document/passage/norma-merrick-sklarekBWAF Staff. Roberta Washington, FAIA, Makes A Place, Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, February 09, 2012. bwaf.org/roberta-washington-faia-makes-a-place/National Visionary Leadership Project. Norma Sklarek: National Visionary. visionaryproject.org/sklareknorma/U.S. Branch of State. International safe haven of the United States, Tokyo, Japan. http://aboutusa.japan.usembassy.gov/e/jusa-usj-embassy.html

The changing of cool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The changing of cool - Essay Example To be keen and inventive is cool and has to be a colossal thing, it could simply be savvy and innovative to your own life, vocation or anything. It’s now the time that one turns into the cool producer at the end of the day 'The Merchants of cool, for example, Mark Zuckerberg who is the maker of Facebook, Steve Jobs who is the maker of Apple or Marc Jacobs and so forth. It is presently an opportunity to change the cool and the attitude of individuals particularly youngsters so we can have new individuals like Steve Jobs and Zuckerberg rising; presently this will be cool in genuine pith. Because of this ‘being cool’ wonder most adolescents are really losing their uniqueness to contend with the regularly developing innovation and coolness. As Fromm stated, if people found to take up their own cognizant selves, totally and uninhibitedly then they would find that they are not any more alone: they would have themselves for association. When one has association one can e ncounter innocuous or generous toward others. For Fromm, it was the main response to the issue of the estranged individuals with respect to the present innovation. The main factor which can protect humankind right now from its own spirit pulverizing isolation is an individual's ability to possess what is known as the true self. In the event that you get legitimacy, you would be repaid with the internal quietness which is important to turn into a free operator. We are currently dwelling in a spot where â€Å"economic, open and legislative conditions don't give an establishment to the comprehension of personality.† So now on the off chance that we need our credibility and independence back we have to deal with it ourselves. Erudite people have said that they simply made them thing which is commercialization. The longing of life goodsâ€escapist conformismâ€would etherize the undiscovered starvation for a bona fide self. (Boston Review 2013) As talked about prior, we should investigate what the 'producers of cool' do and how they do what makes the young people of today so insane that for them 'being cool' is the top most thing. So cutting edge did an overview on 'The traders of cool' , the producers and providers of notable present day way of life are the individuals who have really made the youngsters the most notable client advertise in the United States. Yet, the inquiry emerges that are these individuals essentially demonstrating youngster wishes or have they begun to create those desires themselves in an offered to secure this productive market? Furthermore, have these individuals go too far in their push to accomplish the desires and cash of the adolescent? Douglass Rushkoff, the forefront correspondent, explores the strategies, techniques, and open results of these advancement head honchos in The Merchants of cool review made by Barak Goodman and Rachel Dretzin, the projects converses with all the top advertisers, press experts and social/media specialists, and inspects the association between the press and contemporary youngsters, on the grounds that in a way every look to the next for its distinguishing proof. Young people are the most looked for after clients in the market. In a year, The United Sate's youngsters contributed around 100 billion dollars, while affecting their parents’ to contribute another 50 billion dollars. However, it isn't that simple as it

Running Head Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Running Head - Essay Example Moreover, the article gives confirmation of the helpfulness of self-administration obstructions and advances a possible framework, self-adequacy, by which these mediations work (Lorig and Holman, p. 1-2, 2003). Towards the end, the article discusses difficulties just as answers for consolidating self-administration culture into the commonplace operational frameworks. Article 2: A Stitch in Time: Self-Regulation and Proactive Coping. Inside a hypothetical and sequential diagram, got from concentrate on open cognizance, shared dealings, just as apprehensive pressure and managing it, the scholars investigate the systems by which people expect or notice potential stressors just as act in advance to stop them or to offset their power. The framework recognizes 5 stages in down to earth adapting: (1) hold gathering, (2) affirmation of potential stressors, (3) fundamental assessment, (4) early on overseeing endeavors, and (5) elicitation notwithstanding usage of supposition concerning essent ial endeavors. The journalists clarify the piece of individual divergences, skill, and capital on each stage. They draw consideration towards the restrictive gauges managed by a fixation on viable administration just as the criticalness of thinking about how people avoid just as repay potential stressors. People are differently prescribed to be on comfortable footing with signs implying that issue is prospective and to plan something for foresee or to decrease a horrendous occurrence. Truth be told, in various life fields, people experience superb outcomes or maintain a strategic distance from awful ones because of their down to earth endeavors. â€Å"Effective proactive adapting includes the marshaling of time, cash, arranging and hierarchical aptitudes, social help, and, to the degree conceivable, the administration of the constant weight so when, definitely, stressors are recognized, one is set up however much as could be expected to oversee them† (Aspinwall and Taylor, pp . 421, 1997). Article 3: Beyond Self-Management: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment. The usage of work bunches continues creating. It is a group of people who work ‘interdependently’ to determine issues or to accomplish work. As both the use of work bunches inside business alongside the degree of study on bunches has improved, analysts have thought more to specialist strengthening. Research on engaged gatherings has fallen behind on self-overseeing gatherings, or gatherings whose partners compose them, assign occupations, and plan. Self-overseeing bunches have been connected with high productivity, incredible client assistance, security, proficient satisfaction, and authoritative affirmation. Various partners utilize the terms enabled gatherings and self-overseeing bunches indistinguishably; notwithstanding, others recognize the recognitions (Kirkman and Rosen, pp. 63-64, 1999). Regardless of the semantic vulnerability, there has been exceptionally limited quantity of commonsense work on bunches carefully named as engaged gatherings. Of late, a theoretical model of enabled bunch has been built up that separates the idea from self-overseeing gatherings. The point of this article was to test hypothesis made by the model of gathering strengthening. â€Å"

How Can I Use Samples to Make My Weak Essay Questions More Challenging?

How Can I Use Samples to Make My Weak Essay Questions More Challenging?The question 'How can I use samples to make my weak essay questions more challenging?' is very similar to asking 'What can I use to make my weak essay questions more challenging? '.When it comes to any kind of writing, it is always best to start with problems posed by someone else. This makes it a lot easier to get started and increases the likelihood that you will be able to move on to harder problems when you are ready. And the best thing about using sample essays is that they already contain problems. That means that if you think you don't have what it takes to complete them, then all you need to do is follow the format, follow the tips and tricks, and make use of the problems.So, as a way to make your weak essay questions more challenging, you can take advantage of samples that contain some of the most common weak essay questions. For example, if you're trying to figure out how to solve grammar problems, it's always good to get a feel for how the problem should be answered. There are many topics that can be approached this way, but I'm going to focus on grammatical problems in a minute.The second type of question that I want to look at is 'How can I make my weak essay questions easier?' There are many ways to make a weakness more difficult. One way is to write an essay that has absolutely no rhythm. It seems like just about every student in the world who wants to write a paper has done exactly that - this type of paper is very easy to write and easy to answer, but when you put it up for test, it will be impossible.Another way to make a single question harder is to use Roman numerals. The trick is to figure out the difficulty level based on how hard it is to write in Roman numerals versus English. By taking the correct approach to the grammar or spelling questions, it can actually make it more difficult to answer in order to give the essay a more even difficulty level.A final question is 'Can I make my essay easier by using samples?' For example, a very common essay question is 'How can I improve my essay's usage of hyperlinks?' This kind of question is usually used to analyze the essay, to evaluate the author's knowledge of the topic, or to make sure that the author follows a certain pattern. The type of paper or project that has a problem with hyperlinks can use samples to improve their essay, so long as they can show how the hyperlinks work correctly.The main idea behind studying by using samples is to get in the habit of thinking of the main idea of the essay. There are times when students forget that they are writing an essay. They just sort of 'get' the theme and start writing. If the essay seems to have a theme, then it may be a good idea to use a sample for that theme.Using samples for weak essay questions is a great way to move forward with writing an essay. It doesn't have to be difficult, because there are many samples that are easy to find. If you really want to learn how to make a weak essay question tougher, it is helpful to make it easier by using sample essays that contain some of the most common weak essay questions.

Inventory Carrying Costs Paraphrasing Out Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Inventory carrying costs can be defined as the cost related to hold / store in the inventory. The inventory costs are considered to be the highest hidden and unknown costs in the world of business. Most of the managers consider inventory holding costs normally from 15 to 35% of the inventory value, but on the other hand there are also some businessmen and co-operations which do not consider the inventory carrying cost even though these costs are real and substantial and matter a lot. The cost of carrying inventory has a direct relation with the number of ware houses that a company have but also on the firms distribution polices, for example if we have same customer service level, low inventory carrying cost could result in the use of different ware houses which can also slows down the mode of transportation such as railroads. Whereas the high inventory carrying costs could lead in limited number of stock ware houses which save time and results in faster transportation by motor carriers or aircrafts in order to provide same service in both the cases. If we dont know the exact and accurate estimation of inventory carrying cost of a firm, then that firm or company will not be able to choose the distribution policies which would minimize its costs, but if we know the accurate total cost associated with carrying cost of inventory then we know the cost tradeoffs which can be made within the logistics system. Fig-1 illustrates the tradeoffs that are necessary when developing policies like customers service levels, purchasing policies, transportation policies and warehousing systems if maximum corporate profitability is to be realized. The basic Cost Categories There are 4 basic types of cost which should be considered wile calculating the inventory carrying cost which are: Capital costs Inventory service costs Storage space cost Inventory risk costs. These are explained in detail as follow Capital Costs Most of the businessman is of the view that investing inventories is relatively liquid and riskless investment because they feel that they will get somewhat a lower return on the inventory investment. However holding inventory requires capital which could have been used in other investments and by investment money as inventory the company/ firm foregoes the rate of return that could be obtained by doing such type of investment. Therefore the companys opportunity cost of capital should be applied to the investment in inventory. Moreover this cost of capital should be made by out of pocket investment in inventory. Many companies also use some variation of absorption for the inventory valuation; in this they consider only the manufacturing costs that are relevant which are cost of capital, the companys minimum acceptable rate of return should be applied to the variable costs which are directly related with the inventory. The measurement of the cost of capital is very complex. Lets consider an example From the article same to same The coupon rate on bounds is not an accurate measure of cost of debt capital, so to measure the cost of debt capital; the impact of the marginal use of debt on the market price of common stock must be eliminated. Also from the fig. used for the cost of capital will depend on whether the security valuation is made on the basis of investment opportunities, stream of dividends, stream of earnings or discounted cash flow. What is required is a straightforward method of calculating the cost of capital that can be easily understood and applied by businessmen. In most business situations available capital must be rationed to the most attractive investments possibilities. James Moa has explained the concept of a hurdle rate the rate over which the projects will be accepted rate of return for use in the situations where capital is rationed. He defined the rate as the rate of return on the marginal investments, due to the principles of opportunity costs. Consider an example, a firm which pays 10% for funds that it acquires and because of capital rationing the marginal investments promising annual returns of 15%, although the cost of capital is only 10%. This means that relevant time value of money is measured by the return on the most profitable investments. Of course this 15% hurdle rate could also be selected as the cost of capital to the firm. The hurdle concept should be used in order to calculate the actual cost involved. It must be used by the companies experiencing capital rationing, and where the capital rationing is not used the capital invested in inventory is expected to earn a rate competitive with a marketable security and other liquid investments of a firm. Inventory Service Costs: The inventory service costs include the insurance and tax costs. The tax costs vary from state to state depending on the state the inventory is held. If the inventories are exempt to 19.8% of the assessed value than the tax rate may range from zero in those states like in Indiana State. Generally the taxes have a direct relation with the inventory levels like if the inventory level is increasing than the tax rate will also increase or vice versa. While on the other hand the insurance rates are not strictly proportional to the inventory levels, because insurance is usually purchased for a specified time period and insurance policy will be revised periodically based on the expected inventory changes. There are other different reasons that how the insurance rates vary like, they could be affected by the types of materials used in the construction of the building to house the inventory, the buildings age and considerations such as the types of fire prevention equipment installed. Storage Space Costs: In storage space cost 4 types of facilities should be considered which are: Plant warehouses. Public warehouses. Rented (leased) warehouses. Privately owned warehouses. These are explained in detail as follow: Plant warehouses: The costs related to plant warehouses are mostly fixed in nature but there are some variable costs such as the cost the cost of taking inventory and other direct expenses should be included in inventory carrying costs. Incase if the warehouse space is rented or used for some productive purpose but not for storing inventory only then fixed charges and allocated costs are concerned otherwise they irrelevant. Space in Public warehouses: Some things Copied The space in public warehouses is usually rented on a dollar per hundred weight or on a volume occupied basis. As the public warehouses is the most economical way to provide the desired level of customer service without incurring excessive transportation costs. Due to this reason mostly the costs related to public warehouses are considered as throughput costs and only charges for recurring storage that are explicitly or implicitly|(select other words) included in costs. and more the cost of capital related with holding inventory in public warehouses must be included in the cost of carrying inventory. This cost is equal to the variable manufacturing cost plus variable distribution cost, multiplied by the opportunity cost of capital or the hurdle rate. Rented (leased) warehouses: Rented or leased warehouses are normally contacted or leased for a specified period of time. The amount of space which is rented depends upon the maximum amount needed for the period of contract. The warehouse rental charges are fixed and do not vary from day to day with the change in the inventory level, but while on the other hand the rental charges may vary to month to month or year to year until a new contract is made. In most case the rented warehouse charges are mostly fixed but some may vary with the amount of inventory held. In any case these costs could be abolished by not renewing the contract. However these costs should not be included in the inventory carrying cost but in the warehousing cost category. (See exhibit 1). Fig.1 Privately Owned warehouse copied All the operating costs could be eliminated by closing down a privately owned warehouse or the net savings resulting from change to public warehouses should be included in warehousing costs and not I the inventory carrying costs. Inventory Risk Costs: Copied Inventory risk cost is a type a variable cost that varies from company to company. It includes charges for obsolescence, damage, pilferage, and relocation of inventory. The cost of obsolescence is the cost of each unit which must be disposed of at a loss because it becomes old. The costs associated with the damaged goods should be included only for the portion of damage which is directly attributable to the volume of inventory held. The damage incurred during shipping is considered a throughput cost since it will continue regardless of the inventory level. Problems associated with the inventory risk cost: Shrinkage: The problem of shrinkage occurs due to pilfering. (i.e. inventory theft) for American businessmen. They consider this problem more an important than cash frauds or cash embezzlement, because it is hard to control and this cost may be closely related to company security measure than inventory level depending upon the number of warehouse locations. Relocation cost: (copied) Relocation costs are the cost associated with the transshipment of inventory from one warehouse to another to avoid obsolescence. Mostly these costs are the result of tradeoffs between transportation and warehousing costs and not relevant for the inventory holding cost.

Material Culture - Artifacts and their Meaning(s)

Material culture is a term used in archaeology and other anthropology-related fields to refer to all the corporeal, tangible objects that are created, used, kept and left behind by past and present cultures. Material culture refers to objects that are used, lived in, displayed and experienced; and the terms includes all the things people make, including tools, pottery, houses, furniture, buttons, roads, even the cities themselves. An archaeologist thus can be defined as a person who studies the material culture of a past society: but theyre not the only ones who do that. Material Culture: Key Takeaways Material culture refers to the corporeal, tangible objects created, used, kept, and left behind by people.A term used by archaeologists and other anthropologists.One focus is the meaning of the objects: how we use them, how we treat them, what they say about us.Some objects reflect family history, status, gender, and/or ethnic identity.  People have been making and saving objects for 2.5 million years.  There is some evidence that our cousins the orangutans do the same.   Material Culture Studies Material culture studies, however, focus not just on the artifacts themselves, but rather the meaning of those objects to people. One of the features that characterize humans apart from other species is the extent to which we interact with objects, whether they are used or traded, whether they are curated or discarded. Objects in human life can become integrated into social relationships: for example, strong emotional attachments are found between people and material culture that is connected to ancestors. Grandmothers sideboard, a teapot handed down from family member to family member, a class ring from the 1920s, these are the things that turn up in the long-established television program Antiques Roadshow, often accompanied by family history and a vow to never let them be sold. Recalling the Past, Constructing an Identity Such objects transmit culture with them, creating and reinforcing cultural norms: this kind of object needs tending, this does not. Girl Scout badges, fraternity pins, even Fitbit watches are symbolic storage devices, symbols of social identity that may persist through multiple generations. In this manner, they can also be teaching tools: this is how we were in the past, this is how we need to behave in the present. Objects can also recall past events: antlers collected on a hunting trip, a necklace of beads obtained on holiday or at a fair, a picture book that reminds the owner of a trip, all of these objects contain a meaning to their owners, apart from and perhaps above their materiality. Gifts are set in patterned displays (comparable in some respects to shrines) in homes as markers of memory. Even if the objects themselves are considered ugly by their owners, theyre kept because they keep alive the memory of families and individuals that might otherwise be forgotten. Those objects leave traces, that have established narratives associated with them. Ancient Symbolism All of these ideas, all of these ways that humans interact with objects today have ancient roots. Weve been collecting and venerating objects since we started making tools 2.5 million years ago, and archaeologists and paleontologists are today agreed that the objects that were collected in the past contain intimate information about the cultures that collected them. Today, the debates center on how to access that information, and to what extent that is even possible. Interestingly, there is increasing evidence that material culture is a primate thing: tool use and collecting behavior have been identified in chimpanzee and orangutan groups. Changes in the Study of Material Culture The symbolic aspects of material culture have been studied by archaeologists since the late 1970s. Archaeologists have always identified cultural groups by the stuff they collected and used, such as house construction methods; pottery styles; bone, stone and metal tools; and recurring symbols painted on objects and sewn into textiles. But it wasnt until the late 1970s that archaeologists began to actively think about the human-cultural material relationship. They began to ask: does the simple description of material culture traits sufficiently define cultural groups, or should we leverage what we know and understand about the social relationships of artifacts to get to a better understanding of the ancient cultures? What kicked that off was a recognition that groups of people who share material culture may not ever have spoken the same language, or shared the same religious or secular customs, or interacted with one another in any other way other than to exchange material goods. Are collections of artifact traits just an archaeological construct with no reality? But the artifacts that make up material culture were meaningfully constituted and actively manipulated to attain certain ends, such as establishing status, contesting power, marking an ethnic identity, defining the individual self or demonstrating gender. Material culture both reflects society and is involved in its constitution and transformation. Creating, exchanging and consuming objects are necessary parts of displaying, negotiating and enhancing a particular public self. Objects can be seen as the blank slates upon which we project our needs, desires, ideas and values. As such, material culture contains a wealth of information about who we are, who we want to be. Sources Berger, Arthur Asa. Reading matter: Multidisciplinary perspectives on material culture. New York: Routledge, 2017.Coward, Fiona, and Clive Gamble. Big Brains, Small Worlds: Material Culture and the Evolution of the Mind. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 363.1499 (2008): 1969-79. Print.Gonzà ¡lez-Ruibal, Alfredo, Almudena Hernando, and Gustavo Politis. Ontology of the Self and Material Culture: Arrow-Making among the Awà ¡ Hunter-Gatherers (Brazil). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 30.1 (2011): 1-16. Print.Hodder, Ian. Symbols in Action: Ethnoarchaeological Studies of Material Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Print.Money, Annemarie. Material Culture and the Living Room: The Appropriation and Use of Goods in Everyday Life. Journal of Consumer Culture 7.3 (2007): 355-77. Print.OToole, Paddy, and Prisca Were. Observing Places: Using Space and Material Culture in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research 8.5 (20 08): 616-34. Print.Tehrani, Jamshid J., and Felix Riede. Towards an Archaeology of Pedagogy: Learning, Teaching and the Generation of Material Culture Traditions. World Archaeology 40.3 (2008): 316-31. Print.van Schaik, Carel P., et al. Orangutan Cultures and the Evolution of Material Culture. Science 299.5603 (2003): 102-05. Print.

The Impact Of Religion On The Public School System

Throughout the course of history, religion has left a lasting impact upon society. It is clear that our civilization is progressively becoming more secular; however, religion still remains evident throughout society. Though as science continues to progress, the demand and involvement of religion within the public school system has categorically diminished. After Darwin’s Origin of Species, science in the last century has undoubtedly become reigning influence on world’s views. Scientific analysis has led to conclusions that provide an alternate justification for the origin of life, countering many widespread religious beliefs. Consequently, this results in a persistent dispute between the scientific community and these faithful believers.†¦show more content†¦Should creation be introduced in the classroom? According to previous attempts to present creationism in the classroom, an unwavering majority suggests this would not be ethically sound. From this persistent debate, emerges a theory called Intelligent Design. According to the Center for Science and Culture, Intelligent Design is a scientific theory that employs methods commonly used by other historical sciences to conclude features of the universe and living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. Also, ID is not based on the Bible, and implies that humans are able to observe evidence of intelligent design through nature. The ID theory suggests theistic realism. While many people of faith have been able to reconcile the ideas of literal creation and evolution by natural selection, scholars on both sides of this debate press the idea that this reconciliation is impossible. Popular belief renders science and religion incompatible. Thus, would that make it unethical to present Intelligent Design in the classroom? A precarious proposal, at the very least, but with little compromise of the latter, it is worth the consideration. This notion raises several concerns that must be specified. Addressing these concerns will avoid misconceptions when proposing a solution later. First, is ID identified as a scientific theory? If ID were not categorized as science, for lack of empirical evidence, then of

Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper - 2376 Words

CHARLOTEE PERKINS GILLMAN THE YELLOW WALLPAPER (1892) The cult of true womanhood defined women as â€Å"ladies†(pure, diligent). When we talk about American woman, we have to specify their religion, sexual orientation, race, social class (it is therefore essentialist to talk about â€Å"women† in general. Depending on the group which they are in, certain coordinates are applicable. The Yellow Wallpaper is about a white, protestant, heterosexual woman at the end of the 19th century in the higher middle class. Gilman wanted to obtain more freedom and in order to do so, she had to rebel against the most important institution oppressing her: MARRIAGE. (1) Nowadays, the typical happy family is outdated and doesn’t exist. Gilman lived at a time†¦show more content†¦If we believe that all women are feminist, this is an example of ESSENTIALISM. Not all women are the same: gender is a cultural construct and women are indoctrinated into behaving in a certain way. The author fights against MARRIAGE. She is a pre-feminist (feminism of difference). For a long time, the story has been considered as autobiographical (= confessional mode), as these sold books. In Protestant society, public confession was and is extremely popular. Confessional literature has always been sold well in the US and this is the reason that Perkins wrote† Why I wrote The Yellow Wallpaper†. Originally, the world â€Å"wallpaper† was hyphenated†wall† covered by â€Å"paper† (important connotations): 1st footnote. In short stories, everything is relevant. At the time of writing, women were considered as side of â€Å"hysteria†: that the womb was irritated/inflamed. People believed that when women behaved in a way that they weren’t expected to, they were sick (hysteria). Women were expected to fulfil some roles. This â€Å"irritation or the womb† made people believe that a woman ´s reproductive system was at threat and might stop working. Because of this, reading was â€Å"dangerous† for women because it excited the mind and therefore the womb. At the time of writing, there was a physician who said that high-class women should have a REST CURE to relax. He forbade any kind of intellectual work(reading and writing), to goShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper Analysis1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper Analysis As I started reading this short story, it clearly introduced who the characters are and where it took place. The narrator is a woman; she has no name, remains anonymous throughout the story. She lives with her husband John in a house. This house is isolated from society, since the short story indicates that it is far from village, roads or any means of communication. It also contains locks and gates throughout. The woman is ill and this illness has placed her inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1727 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of the Short Story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Originally published in January 1892 issue of New England Magazine. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s short story The Yellow Wallpaper was personal to her own struggles with anxiety and depression after the birth of her daughter with her first husband and S. Weir Mitchell s resting cure treatment she received. The Yellow Wallpaper describes, from the patients point of view, the fall into madness of a woman who is creativelyRead MoreThe Yellow-Wallpaper Analysis1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yellow Wall-Paper Literary Analysis Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses her short story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† to show how women undergo oppression by gender roles. Gilman does so by taking the reader through the terrors of one woman’s changes in mental state. The narrator in this story becomes so oppressed by her husband that she actually goes insane. The act of oppression is very obvious within the story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† and shows how it changes one’s life forever. TheRead MoreFeminist Analysis of Yellow Wallpaper1326 Words   |  6 PagesA Woman Trapped: A Feminist Analysis of the Yellow Wallpaper The short story, the Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman can be analyzed in depth by both the psycho-analytic theory and the feminist theory. On one hand the reader witnesses the mind of a woman who travels the road from sanity to insanity to suicide â€Å"caused† by the wallpaper she grows to despise in her bedroom. On the other hand, the reader gets a vivid picture of a woman’s place in 1911 and how she was treated when dealingRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper992 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis: The Yellow Wallpaper In the story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman she writes of a woman severely oppressed in her marriage. The women in the story is an open mind individual. John; her husband is a psychologist and thinks that his wife has a mental disorder because of all the free thinking and puts her through the rest cure. Through analysis of the story, we can see that this story displays a creepy tone in order to depict a serious matter at a time when women’sRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Analysis Paper1245 Words   |  5 Pagesupholding women’s rights, such as viewing a woman as a respectable, free-willed human being, are the essential truths established in Charlotte Perkin Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Through the development of the narrator Gilman uses symbolism and imagery to awaken the reader to the reality of what a woman’s life was like in the 1800’s. Analysis of the symbolism throughout the story reveals that the author was no t only testifying to the social status of the women in society but specifically giving insightRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1496 Words   |  6 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gillam uses her short story, The Yellow Wallpaper as a weapon to help break down the walls surrounding women, society has put up. This story depicts the life of a young woman struggling with postpartum depression, whose serious illness is overlooked, by her physician husband, because of her gender. Gillman s writing expresses the feelings of isolation, disregarded, and unworthiness the main character Jane feels regularly. This analysis will dive into the daily struggles women faceRead MoreFeminist Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper 2184 Words   |  9 PagesJoe Purcaro English 155 Literary Analysis 04/17/2016 Feminism in the Yellow Wallpaper Everyone experiences life, whether it be happy times, bad times; it’s one big circle every human being goes through. In the story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper, which is a feminist story that portrays the terror of the rest cure which is a period spent in inactivity or leisure with the intention of improving one s physical or mental health. Women especially, as it opposes manyRead MoreCritical Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper993 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis: â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† â€Å"Not many women got to live out the daydream of women—to have a room, even a section of a room, that only gets messed up when she messes it up herself.† –Maxine Hong Kingston: The Woman Warrior During the late 19th century women, as history demonstrates, were to remain confined to their societal expectations and roles. Women were thought of as the weaker sex, emotional, and fully dependent on their male counterparts, child-like. She was to be a piousRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1915 Words   |  8 PagesWhen â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is viewed within the scopes of New Historical, Feminist, Psychoanalytical, Ethical and Reader response criticisms, the reader should first be imparted with the understanding of who Charlotte Perkins Gilman was, what she stood for, the time period in which the story was written, and how aspects of her cultural and historical background related to it. Second, how the circumstances imposed upon women’s freedom of thought. Third, the reader shall ascertain how Freud’s Psychoanalytical

Business For The Glory Of God - 1541 Words

For this task we are to read the book by W. Grudem, Business for the Glory of God: The Bible s instructing on the Moral Heavens of Business. Mr. Grudem examines the Christian side of business which gives an elaborative clarification of what one may experience. He clearly demonstrates that in all the different parts of business, which incorporates benefit, proprietorship, cash, loaning, getting, and rivalry. By and large, the author obviously outlines that individuals who work in the business world are for the most part made to feel regretful, because few individuals think instinctively of business as ethically great in itself. The fundamental reason for the book was to show that the different parts of business exercises are great and these great things will likewise convey transcendence to God. (www.crossway.org) Grudem watches that business exchanges have been an ordinary piece of human culture from the earliest starting point. The Scriptures show that purchasing and offering are ethically right since they give chances to us to do great to other individuals by giving what individuals need. We mimic God in the commercial center when we rehearse trustworthiness, faithfulness to our duties, decency, and opportunity of decision. Benefit and utilization of cash are great since they both infer that one has delivered something helpful for other people who wish trade. Benefit not just means that one is making great and effective utilization of God s assets additionally isShow MoreRelatedBusiness For The Glory Of God1506 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness for the Glory of God is a book that helps Christians work in Business for God. Wayne Grudem did an excellent job of sharing and providing the purpose and meaning of business and ways to glorify God while conducting said business. The main themes Grudem talks about include; ownership, productivity, employment, commercial transactions, profit, money, inequality of possessions, competition, borrowing and lending, attitudes of the heart and the effect on world poverty. He kept his thoughts shortRead MoreBusiness For The Glory Of God Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesAuthor’s Main Themes Grudem’s, Business for the glory of God is a sleek, contemporary how to guide that offers ways Business in itself glorify God, in particular the business component’s â€Å"Ownership,† â€Å"Productivity†, â€Å"Employment†, ‘’Commercial Transactions†, â€Å"Profit†, â€Å"Money†, â€Å"Inequality of Possessions†, â€Å"Competition†, and â€Å"Borrowing and Lending†. He takes each component and demonstrates a connection with theological principles. The author stresses man was created to glorify God. If we imitate God’s attributesRead MoreBusiness for the Glory of God1318 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: THE BIBLE’S TEACHING ON THE MORAL GOODNESS OF BUSINESS Business for the Glory of God: The Bible’s Teachings on the Moral Goodness of Business A Review Assignment Write a 5-7 page review, you should briefly articulate the author’s main positions or themes and then interact with them. That is, choose one or two main points that you agree with and/or two in which you do not agree, supporting your thoughts with well-reasoned arguments. Jessica N. Eppes Liberty University ProfessorRead MoreBusiness For The Glory Of God1643 Words   |  7 PagesWayne Grudem, the author of, â€Å"Business for the Glory of God†, states that there are many ways that a Christian can use business to glorify God. Some of the main ways are Ownership, Employment, Profit, Money, Productivity and Borrowing and Lending. All of these things can bring glory to God in the way they mirror the nature that is God and His provision for man. God gave humans ways to provide food, clothing and shelter, not only for themselves, but for others also. He intended us to be a componentRead MoreBusiness For the Glory of God Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Business for the Glory of God persuades one to view business in a different light. There are many views, both positive and negative, one could take on business. If one could see business as a way to help others, it may be achievable for them to see business as a way to glorify God. For example, some may do business to assist their families. If left with an excess they might even consider charity. Wayne Grudem establishes the theme by enacting a scenario where someone talking toRead MoreTitles Business For The Glory Of God1526 Words   |  7 Pages In the book titles Business for the Glory of God, Wayne Grudem’s main theme is that â€Å"business itself glorifies God† (Grudem). Grudem touches on ownership, profit, money, competition, and borrowing and lending, glorify God because they are reflective of God’s nature (Grudem). First, I agree with Grudem’s point that â€Å"owning possessions is fundamentally good and provides many opportunities for glorifying God, but also many temptations to sin† (Grudem 19). â€Å"The heavens are the heavens of theRead MoreOverview of Business for the Glory of God Essay examples1313 Words   |  6 PagesIn his book, â€Å"Business for the Glory of God† Wayne Grudem discusses why business and making a profit from it is not evil and can be used for the glory of God. While this book is not an in depth analysis, it does provide a brief overview of why the author believes that business can be and should be used to glorify God. In the book, the author starts off by posing the question of whether or not business itself is good or evil. Of course, business by itself is neither good nor evil it is the peopleRead MoreBusiness for the Glory of God Book Review Essay2084 Words   |  9 PagesBusiness for the Glory of God: The Bible’s teaching on the Moral Goodness of Business Book Review by: Marquetta Preston Liberty University Abstract Grudem, W. (2003). Business for the Glory of God: The Bible’s Teaching on the Moral Goodness of Business. Wheaton: IL: Crossway. ISBN: 978-1581345179. The book, â€Å"Business for the Glory of God†, By Wayne Grudem, is a book that gives insight to how business as a whole can be a blessing to the world. God gave His people abilities to conduct businessRead MoreBusiness for the Glory of God Book Review Essay3161 Words   |  13 PagesBook Review For Business for the Glory of God By: Wayne Grudem October 10, 2011 The Review: Business for the Glory of God Wayne Grudem wrote the book ‘Business for the Glory of God,’ this book is based on biblical teachings. The book discusses issues such as ownership, productivity, employment, commercial transactions, profit, money, inequality of possessions, competition, borrowing and lending, attitudes of heart and effect on world poverty from a biblical standpoint, each are â€Å"fundamentallyRead MoreBusiness for the Glory of God: The Bibles Teaching on the Moral Goodness of Business By: Dr. Wayne Grudem1688 Words   |  7 Pagescomplementarian view of gender equality (Wayne Grudem, ). In 2003, Dr. Grudem released a book titled â€Å"Business for the Glory of God: The Bibles Teaching on the Moral Goodness of Business†. Within this work, Dr. Grudem tackles intricate and arguable matters, in which he unravels what the Bible teaches regarding the moral goodness of business. Applying the idea of moral goodness with business, however, is often a contradictory concept in lieu of the malicious and often scandalous behavior that

Sop free essay sample

For higher studies, select The Times School for its academic and its well known curriculum. I had chosen Management background with Computer Science, Accounting, Business Mathematics as well as English as my subjects. I had 76. 4 % in the first year. Similarly, class twelve had 69. 2% in aggregate 72. 80% with first division. I had chance to utilize my theoretical and practical knowledge which led me to become a program organizer of Times school. Got golden opportunities to organize program and helped me to gain extra knowledge about management.I was really impressed as I wanted to pursue my field of interest I. E. ABA. I opt AC as an appropriate college for me as wanted to acquire a foreign degree and I find this university is one of the best in Australia. Am hopeful that, this decision would give me apple opportunity to consolidate my creative energies and harness my tech Nicola aptitude. Look forward to a career in business and management where cannot only use my academic background to achieve my goals also native contributions to y field of interest. We will write a custom essay sample on Sop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have faith that this course would provide me with opportunities to attend advanced courses and would be the steeping-stone my career in ABA. Moreover, this university not only suits my interest but also advanced academic curriculum and world-class groups, where I can allocate new experience for my career. I believe that it is the best environment for me to obtain my goals while gaining experience and exposure to a diverse student body and faculty.Summarizing all writing above, I believe that my solemn concern for study, my certifications and strong academic background will be beneficial for my undergraduate studies. Attending your prestigious institution would give me an opportunity of receive high-level education under the guidance of prominent professors and excellent teachers. Would regard my admission to TAFT not only as a great honor but also a great responsibility and challenge to prove myself.

Employee Resourcing and Development

Question: Discuss about the Employee Resourcing and Development. Answer: Introduction The success of the organization highly depends upon the employee development and resourcing as it is one of the vital element in an organization. Employee resourcing is a major aspect of HRM which lay high emphasis over the release as well as recruitment of the individuals in the organization. The employee resourcing also focuses upon the potential and performance management of the employees in the organization. Employee development is the facilitation and the approach of knowledge and learning which assist the diversity building, respect, individual development and the business goals (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014).The employee development and the employee resources both have their vital role in adding value to an organization as well as to boost the HR business. Both employee resourcing and employee development have a vital role in the organization, their success or failure as well as in their end results. The essay will critically evaluate and analyze the degree to which employee dev elopment and resourcing functions do so by the means of recruitment and select ion and talent management. The essay will analyses the role of recruitment and selection in the employee resourcing and the role of talent management in the employee development as well as the way these factor contributes in the organizational success and improved organizational performance. Critical Analysis of Recruitment and Selection Recruitment and selection are the two major and primary practices of human resource management which are thoroughly used by the companies to achieve the most effective and efficient employees in respect with the business requirements. To have a competitive benefit there is a need that organizations must have suitable human capital. Recruitment is the approach of producing a group of individuals to apply for the employment opportunities present in an organization. Whereas selection is the approach by which the higher authorities or the managers take use of various effective tools to select or choose from the group of recruitment applicants who are most suitable for the specific job roles (Lievens and Chapman, 2010).The process of selection as well as recruitment are both fundamental to the organizational functioning. It is a set belief that the success and growth of any organization highly depends upon the appropriate number of employees with the appropriate abilities and skills. Henc e the correct and effective selection and recruitment processes are very much vital to an organization and its success. Recruitment When it comes to enhancing value in an organization in the longer time frame there is a major role played by recruitment. If there is an ineffective recruitment process taking place in an organization then there are several negative implications of that poor process such as decrease employee morale, increased organizational cost and high rate of employee turnover. Whereas an effective recruitment process results into improved public image, better employee relations and improved organizational performance (Huselid andBecker, 2010). The primary step in any recruitment process is to build a good job specification and job description. It is important that the job specifications or the requirements of the job matched the competencies and skills described with the individual specification. If both the things do not correlate then there are circumstances that the individual has been employed with wrong expectations which willresult into ineffective performance. In various cases, because of misrepresentation of facts the employees lose their trust in the organization and they work in any competitive organization after taking the various training sessions from that particular organization. It results into wastage of resources, money and time of the organization (Rich,Lepine and Crawford, 2010). This can be avoided if the organization has an improved and adequate recruitment process. This can also impact the morale of the existing workforce in a negative manner. For instance, it can be a factor de-motivation that the newly joined employees are leaving the organization in such a short time span and started working at the various competitor organizations. The training and the recruitment process can be of a longer time frame, in which the other employees will be expected to take more responsibilities which can result into decreased productivity of the organization as well as of those employees. In past few years, there is a greater demand and acceptance of the online recru itment (Farndale, Scullion and Sparrow, 2010). One of the highly recognized companies Microsoft is extensively taking ujse of this recruitment approach. There are number of online recruitment strategies adopted by the company such as twitter strategy, Facebook strategy, LinkedIn strategy, YouTube strategy and Blogging strategy. The main and the primary benefit of online recruitment is that it shortens the cycle and time frame of recruitment which is highly beneficial for the organizations who required urgent hiring and do not want to lose a good candidate because if the longer recruitment processes (Link Humans, 2016). There was a survey undertaken by the Chapman and Webster evaluated that there is increasing demand of the online recruitments because of the fact that the organizations found that these selection techniques enhance the value in regards with upsurge number of the skilled candidates, reduced organizational costs and improved efficiency (Gupta, 2016).The declined organiz ational costs and the high efficiency results into upsurge revenues and by extending the applicant pool there are chances that the organization will get the most appropriate candidate for the required job. Moreover,the online recruitment generates an extensive number of candidates but it is not essential that all these candidates will have those skills and aptitudes which are required for the specific job. It is also vital that the process of selection and recruitment must be fair (Thite, Kavanagh and JOHNSON, 2012).It is the legal obligation that there must be no discrimination on the basis of any factor so that no potential candidate can be deprived of the employment opportunity. The fair recruitment practices will result in declined legal costs, improved organizational image and enhanced value of the organization (Allen, Bryant and Vardaman, 2010). For instance, there are organizations such as Google, Deloitte etc. are those organizations which function and recruit candidates eth ically and maintain equality and the positive outcomes of these practices are shown by their increased customer base and efficient workforces (Sullivan, 2015). Selection The ineffective and inaccurate selection approach declines the effectiveness of the organization. The inappropriate selection may result into distress for the managers to handle those employees. It is very much vital for the organizations that the selection process must be effective e and accurate and the best suitable candidate must be selected for the required job (Zibarras and Woods, 2010).The selection process has various major roles to be played such as generating a shortlist of the candidates for the next stage i.e. interview, providing feedback to the company regarding the application form and the job advertising. It helps the organizations to improve their future selection procedures and the recruitment procedures by reducing the cost spend over ineffective selection procedures. It is also vital that the supervisors and the managers have their commitment in the selection process by getting involved in the process. As the actual knowledge is possessed by the managers that what skills and kind of competencies they require in the candidate for the job role. Thus they will select a more appropriate candidate (Bondarouk and Rul, 2013).Thus will assist in adding value to the organization as if there is selection of an appropriate candidate then there are high chances that the individual will perform well and in an effective manner. The increase engagement of the managers in the selection process will support the rapid settlement of the new candidate in the organization through making the candidate comfortable by describing the job role properly. This will help the organizations in decreasing cost and the turnover rate. The involvement of the supervisors and the HR mangers in the selection and the recruitment process will support the reinforcement of the business partnerships. It will add value to the organization by ensuring that the selection and the recruitment both have been undertaken in line with the strategies of the organization (Zhao and Liden, 2011). It makes sure that the candidate who has been selected has its contribution in the objectives of the organization. In number of organizations, the selection and the recruitment is an issue and mainly in the domiciliary care sectors. There is high demanding job role in the domiciliary care sectors and because of the various inaccurate selection approaches there is selection of inaccurate candidates which results decreased retention rate. There is one god selection tool named psychometric testing which can be taken use by the domiciliary care sectors. It helps in assessing the personality traits of the candidates who are potential, developing more accurate and informed perceptions and improved decision making (Whelan and Carcary, 2011).It helps in ensuring that the appropriate candidate is selected, declined rate of employee turnover and increase the production as well as performance of the organization. Critical Analysis of Talent Management Talent management can be explained as the systematic deployment, retention, engagement, development, identification and attraction of those candidates who are of a specific value to any organization. These candidates make a huge difference in the performance of the organization by their effective contribution in a shorter span or a longer time period through their respective skills and potential. In the present scenario the practice of talent management is widely exercised in almost all the organizations because of the fact that the economic conditions are weakened which lay high pressure upon the companies to increase the productivity as well as decrease the costs (Dries, 2013).In the current scenario, to possess an ongoing, effective and rigorous Talent management practice is the factor which determines the failure or the success of the organization. There are several organizations which are practicing effective talent management such as IBM, Microsoft, General Electric etc. The ta lent management keeps on adding value to these organizations by engaging the employees in an effective manner in the organizational functions and goals (Sullivan, 2005). The higher the engagement of the employees is, the greater they are committed towards an organization. The increased commitment will result into decreased employee turnover and declined cost of the turnover rate. The adequate selection process increase employee engagement and the higher engagement of the employees results into upsurge productivity and increased sales and revenues of the organization (Iles, Chuai and Preece, 2010). The improved and appropriate talent managementhelps in ensuring that the organizations can effectively retain as well as facilitate the talent, declines the risk of turnover of the talent from the organization or switch to the competitor. Thus there are several competitive benefits whicharegainedby the organization through practicing effective talent management. Theorganization which lay emphasis over retaining of the talented and potential employees helps in adding value to the organization by reducing the training and the recruitment costs as an outcome of neither developing talent nor recruiting further more talent in the organization. The negative implication led by the turnover of the employees is reduced by the talent management practice and the morale of the employees is also not impacted which directly results intohighrevenues attained by the organization. But it can also be said that it is not necessary that there will always be positiveimplications of the talent management (Morgan and Jardin, 2010).The bottom line improvements are usually temporary in nature in spite of regular talent management practices prevailing in the organization. Hence it is vital that the effectiveness of the talent management practices and approaches must be evaluated regularly. Also there can be discouraging teamwork, increased competition and undervalued results as the outcome of the increased focus upon the retention and recruitment of only the high talent individuals. The employees who are not the key talent of the organization can become de-motivated because of the reason that there is only talent management practice for the key and high talent of the organization. This will give negative results such as decrease in the organizational productivity, decreased employee morale and high turnover rates (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014).The organizations who are implementing the programmes and practices of talent management must also experience high resistance from the candidates a s the organization spend huge capital over the development of the employees and want that there must be positive and increased productivity from the employees side so that the organization can achieve profits. Conclusion To conclude it can be said that if the practices of recruitment and selection and talent management are effectively applied and execute then they have a positive impact over the success of the organization and the organizational performance. The effective selection and recruitment is found to be good for the organization as it helps in improving the employment of correct candidate for the job role which ultimately resultsinto increased organizational productivity and high retention rate. In case of talent management it has been analyzed and concluded that it has both positive and negative impacts depends upon the way of implementation. If there is right way of implementing talent management then there are chances of increased motivation by the way of coaching and mentoring, upsurge employee engagement and high retention rate. Therefore it can be said that both recruitment and selection and talent management have their major contribution in the success of the organization and the impr oved organizational performance. Both the activities add high value to the organization. Thus it can be said that human resources adds value support the organization in achieving organizational objectives by the way of effective development and resourcing activities as well as by adding extreme value to the organization. References Allen, D. G., Bryant, P. C., Vardaman, J. M. (2010). Retaining talent: Replacing misconceptions with evidence-based strategies.The Academy of Management Perspectives,24(2), 48-64. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice.Kogan Page Publishers. Bondarouk, T., Rul, H. (2013). The strategic value of e-HRM: results from an exploratory study in a governmental organization.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(2), 391-414. Dries, N. (2013). The psychology of talent management: A review and research agenda.Human Resource Management Review,23(4), 272-285. Farndale, E., Scullion, H., Sparrow, P. (2010).The role of the corporate HR function in global talent management.Journal of World Business,45(2), 161-168. Gupta, Y., (2016). Literature review on E-Recruitment: A step towards paperless HR, International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, 4(1), Pp.6. Retrieved on: 6th January, 2016, retrieved from: https://www.ijarcsms.com/docs/paper/volume4/issue1/V4I1-0030.pdf Huselid, M. A., Becker, B. E. (2010).Bridging micro and macro domains: Workforce differentiation and strategic human resource management.Journal of management. Iles, P., Chuai, X., Preece, D. (2010). Talent management and HRM in multinational companies in Beijing: Definitions, differences and drivers.Journal of World Business,45(2), 179-189. Lievens, F., Chapman, D. (2010).Recruitment and selection.The SAGE handbook of human resource management, 135-154. Link Humans (2016). How Microsoft Uses Social for Recruiting and Employer Branding, Retrieved on: 6th January, 2016, retrieved from: https://linkhumans.com/blog/online-recruitment-employer-branding-microsoft-case-study Morgan, H., Jardin, D. (2010).Integrated talent management.OD PRACTITIONER,42(4), 24. Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance.Academy of management journal,53(3), 617-635. Sullivan, J., (2005). The Top 25 Benchmark Firms In Recruiting And Talent Management, Retrieved on: 6th January, 2016, retrieved from: https://www.eremedia.com/ere/the-top-25-benchmark-firms-in-recruiting-and-talent-management/ Sullivan, J., (2015). Recruiting Trends For 2016 And Their Supporting Best Practices, Part 1 Of 2, Retrieved on: 6th January, 2016, retrieved from: https://www.eremedia.com/ere/recruiting-trends-for-2016-and-their-supporting-best-practices-part-1-of-2/ Thite, M., Kavanagh, M. J., JOHNSON, R. D. (2012).Evolution of human resource management and human resource information systems. Whelan, E., Carcary, M. (2011). Integrating talent and knowledge management: where are the benefits?.Journal of Knowledge Management,15(4), 675-687. Zhao, H., Liden, R. C. (2011). Internship: a recruitment and selection perspective.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(1), 221. Zibarras, L. D., Woods, S. A. (2010). A survey of UK selection practices across different organization sizes and industry sectors.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,83(2), 499-511.

International Olympic Committee History, Culture and Social Theory

Introduction Olympic Games have evolved into a significant movement that affects development of societies. Olympic movement is now seen as one of the most potent movements which embrace the entire globe.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Olympic Committee: History, Culture and Social Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was an organization which was responsible for the Olympic Games holding. At present, it includes a variety of bodies with various responsibilities. The history and culture of this organization can illustrate the practical use of social theories which can help trace the trends which govern the development of organizations as well as societies. Thus, there are various approaches to understanding of organizations. Functionalist theory is prevailing as it best explains certain trends. However, the development of the IOC confirms that con flict and figurational theories can be applicable as well. It is necessary to take a closer look at the development of the IOC to consider major trends affecting development of sport organizations and societies. The history of the IOC and functionalist theory The nineteenth century Creation of the IOC is closely connected with the name of the famous French aristocrat, Pierre de Coubertin. In 1890, he became a secretary-general of the â€Å"federation of French sports clubs† (Nauright 2012, p. 23). Pierre de Coubertin became one of the representatives of the country on the world arena in the sphere of sports.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, he along with the Englishman Charles Herbert and the American William Sloane became an organizer of the International Paris Conference which took place in 1894. The conference was attended by 78 delegations, which represented eight countries. Interestingly, the initial title of the conference was â€Å"The Study and Diffusion of the Principles of Amateurism and the Revival of the Olympics†, however Coubertin changed the title of this conference to â€Å"Conference on the Re-Establishment of the Olympic Games† (as cited in Nauright 2012, p. 24). The conference resulted in the announcement of creation of the International Olympic Committee on June 23, 1894. The first games of the new era were held in 1896 in Athens (Nauright 2012, p. 24). From then on, the IOC have been developing and spreading its influence. Coubertin saw the organization as a regulatory body of the Olympic Games. He wanted to make sports (or at least) Olympic Games unaffected by any political influences (Liu 2007). However, this proved to be impossible as the organization was never free from politics. In the first place, the organization includes members coming from different countries. Admittedly, people tend to be affect ed by their political views when making decisions. Different countries have often been in conflict with each other. This has often led to conflicts within the IOC and political views of its members as well as political agendas of some countries affected decisions made by the organization. For example, the organization excluded South Africa completely due to the apartheid, which was considered to some extent as vindictive by the some members of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Olympic Committee: History, Culture and Social Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the same time, one of the major principles of the organization is equality of all people and nations irrespective of any â€Å"non-sport† factors. Therefore, it is manifest that politics and sports have often been interconnected. The twentieth century The significant characteristic features of the organization wer e revealed in the twentieth century. Liu (2007) notes that the IOC often made decisions that could not be regarded as free from politics. For instance, Germany, Austria, Turkey, Hungary and Bulgaria were barred from the games in 1920. This was the organization’s reaction to the participation of these countries in the First World War (Liu 2007). Hitler tried to exploit the Olympic movement to promote his ideas concerning the future of the German people and his party. South Africa was also excluded from the movement due to the country’s apartheid laws. Obviously, the IOC became a certain tool of influence or rather reflection of the world public opinion in the beginning of the twentieth century. It is necessary to note that the organization evolved at quite a moderate pace in the first part of the twentieth century. There was no definite list of sports and the hosting countries added some national sports to the Olympic agenda. In the beginning of the twentieth century fi rst National Olympic Committees (NOC) appeared. These organizations are subordinate to the IOC. These organizations have addressed specific questions like athletes who were to go to the games, etc.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Importantly, in the first part of the twentieth century only rich countries could afford participating in the Olympic Games. Thus, only some European countries, the USA, Canada could equip the athletes and take them to the venue. Countries of South America, Africa and Asia hardly participated in the Olympic Games until the 1960-1970s (Li et al. 2011). Hence, in 1960 the IOC created the Olympic Solidarity program that allowed countries to participate in the Olympic Games. Li et al. (2011) compare the IOC to such organization as the United Nations. The researchers note that the IOC has a charter â€Å"or constitution†, an anthem, a flag which are recognized as some of symbols of such entities as states or international organizations (Li et al. 2011, p. 223). These symbols were developed during the twentieth century. The organization acquired a particular structure in the twentieth century. It includes 25 commissions, which run specific issues and interact with each other, with NOCs and International Sport Federations. Thus, the organization became a structured entity which acquired quite considerable influence on the global scale. Functionalist theory It is essential to note that the IOC can be regarded as an illustration of the effectiveness of functionalist theory when it comes to the development of organizations. Thus, functionalist theory presupposes that all entities tend to be structured (Coakley et al. 2009). Proponents of the theory also claim that each part of the structure tends to contribute to the overall system. There is some kind of cooperation as all the part of the system agree to act so that the system benefits. Therefore, according to functionalist theory all systems inevitably evolve into perfectly structured entities. Admittedly, the IOC was a mediocre organization in the end of the nineteenth century. There were almost no subordinate structures and almost no regulations. The IOC was an idea rather than an organization. Soon it had its Charter which was guidance for the organization and subordinate bodies. The IOC was a creation of several nations in the beginning, but it evolved into a global structure which has penetrated into a variety of spheres of the contemporary life. The IOC can be regarded as an illustration of one of the postulates of the functionalist theory, i.e. all branches within structures have equal needs and benefit equally. To some extent, it could note that some organizations have structures, which presuppose flexibility, i.e. this, or that branch can gain more authority at different stages of the development of the organization. However, when it comes to the IOC, the structure of this organization is stable and is based on the principle of equality. There is a central body which coordinates subordinate branches. At that, the major aim of the IOC and all its subordinate organizations is to promote the Olympic Movement and all of these branches and subordinate organizations as well as the IOC e qually benefit from achieving this aim. Clearly, promotion of the Olympic Movement empowers the organization and each of its branches. However, functionalist theory cannot explain certain trends as it focuses on positive changes and development, but ignores conflicts which have been an indispensible part of the human life as well as development of any organization or society. The history of the IOC and conflict theory The conflict theory It is necessary to take a closer look at another social theory which can provide valuable insights into the development of the IOC. Conflict theory is based on the idea of a permanent conflict between underprivileged and privileged classes. In many cases, the conflict is restricted to the resources (Coakley et al. 2009). Proponents of this theory claim that people strive for resources, which results in change. The French Revolution can be regarded as an example of the conflict which led to creation of a brand new country. Poor people along with bour geoisie fought for resources which were in possession of the monarch and aristocrats. The conflict theory does address certain issues and can explain certain trends when it comes to the development of the IOC. For instance, inequality between genders could be characterised the IOC and the movement at different periods of their development. As has been mentioned above, only wealthy nations could participate in the Olympic Games in the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth century. Therefore, the IOC was, to certain extent, an organization for the privileged. Decolonization and development of societies changed this peculiarity of the organization. Apart from conflict related to financial privileges, the IOC was also characterised by specific attitude towards gender issues. Thus, women started participating in the Olympic Games on a regular basis only in the 1924 (Li et al. 2011). The organization did not promote gender equality in the very beginning of its history. On the contrary, at some points the organization promoted male domination at the Olympic Games. For instance, in 1954 the organization voted to â€Å"limit events for women† to events which are â€Å"particularly appropriate to the female sex† (Li et al. 2011, p. 236). However, women have struggled for their right to equally participate in the movement. Scandals The conflict characterized the IOC in the second part of the twentieth century and even in the twenty-first century. The movement was declining in the 1980s and 1990s. This was the period of scandals, tension and conflicts associated with the Olympic Games. In the 1990 were various conflicts among sponsors took place. For instance, one of the most remarkable conflicts was associated with basketball games in 1992. There was a conflict between the sponsors of the Olympic Games and the team’s sponsors (Li et al. 2011). Michael Jordan chose to cover logos of the then sponsor, Reebok, of the Olympic Games with the US flag as he did not want to be seen wearing logos of the competitor of his sponsor, Nike. This resulted in a new regulation which requires â€Å"all U.S. Olympic athletes† to wear the official apparel which is provided by the official sponsor of the Olympic Games â€Å"on the podium without exception† (Li et al. 2011, p. 231). As a result, the code of conduct was also amended. The new regulations were quite strict and forceful. The IOC management ensured an equal opportunities for sponsors. They also ensured respectful practices employed by sponsors. Again, conflict of economic forces came into play. The theory and the organization Coakley (2008) notes that sports are sometimes seen as a perfect example of domination of the strong over the weak. Therefore, the IOC promotes sports and should also be regarded as a promoter of domination. However, this is a bit extreme representation of sports. Admittedly, sport is the victory of the strong. Nonetheless, this victor y should not be seen as domination. The victory is manifestation of humans’ achievements. Moreover, one of the mottos of the Olympic Movement is that those participating in it are already winners. On the whole, it is necessary to point out that conflict theory does provide valuable insights into the development of the IOC. However, it touches upon marginal trends. The conflicts which have been a part of the organization and its history did not affect the organization’s aims and aspirations. The conflict did result in certain changes in the IOC and the Olympic Movement. Thus, women have obtained equal opportunities with males at Olympic Games. However, the major aim of the organization remained unchanged and it is development and promotion of the Olympic Movement in the world irrespective of gender, race, age, etc. Culture of the IOC and figurational theory Culture of the IOC The IOC has overcome the major issues and has evolved into an influential organization which ru ns one of the most significant movements in the beginning of the twenty-first century. Admittedly, there are still various issues to address. Thus, gender equity is still a problem to be solved. The IOC also addresses environmental issues. The organization binds countries to follow specific environmental standards when preparing facilities for the games. In fact, the country hosting the Olympic Games should be responsible in many respects and the organization controls construction of facilities making sure that all latest environmental norms and requirements are met (Zemel 2011). As has been mentioned above, it runs a variety of funds which support the process of sport development in various countries. Many accuse the organization of its commercialization. Some state that the organization has become an entity which has little to do with sport and is all about business and politics (Boudreau 2012). Admittedly, the IOC can hardly be seen as a purely sports organization. The organizati on should be seen as a body which incorporates sports into all spheres of people’s lives. Notably, the organization describes itself: As the â€Å"supreme authority† of the Olympic Movement, which supports a philosophy of life, in which the blending of sport and culture with art and education aims to combine in a balanced whole the human qualities of body, will, and mind. (Li et al. 2011, p. 233) Liu (2007) claims that the IOC has become a potent tool to struggle for human rights. As has been mentioned above, the IOC has exploited boycotts to encourage nations to adopt values proclaimed in such documents as Declaration of Human Rights. The attitude of the IOC towards South Africa is one of the most typical illustrations of the impact the organization has on the human societies. It is also important to note that the interrelations between media (television, to be more precise) and sports contribute greatly to the development of societies as well as spread of influences of the IOC (Kamberidou Patsadaras 2007). Now Olympic Movement is seen as something positive and encouraging. The movement helps nations promote healthy life styles. Admittedly, this helps the nations evolve. However, the interrelation is not confined to sport activities and living healthy lives. The IOC promotes ideas of equality (gender, racial, etc.), cooperation, tolerance, commitment, etc. Many researchers claim that interaction between the IOC and media also leads to commercialization of the Olympic Games and sports (Kamberidou Patsadaras 2007). Notably, commercialization has become a characteristic feature of the contemporary world so sports, being a part of the contemporary society, could not be left aside. After all, development of sports and sport organizations is a reflection of the development of society to a great extent. Figurational theory All these elements of the organization’s structure confirm that there is room for the figurational theory which can comple te the analysis. Thus, according to proponents of the theory, everything is interconnected and interdependent in the society (Coakley et al. 2009). Nations interact and develop. Sport affects societies and societies influence sport, which leads to the constant change. Admittedly, the development of the IOC can be regarded as an illustration of the major postulates of the proponents of the theory. When the organization was created, it was a union of a group of people who decided to run certain sports events. However, commercialization of the world affected the organization which has become one of the most significant businesses in the world (Boudreau 2012). The organization, in its turn, is affecting societies. In the first place, the organization promotes the Olympic Movement, development of sports and healthy life style. The organization also provides financial support to some nations. The IOC initiates a variety of programs in Africa, South America and Asia to promote development of sports: sport schools are being built, talented youth obtain the opportunity to study in developed countries, etc. The IOC also provides financial supports to national committees. This aid enables countries to send their teams to the Olympic Games. Therefore, interaction and interconnection are obvious, so the figurational theory is applicable. However, the figurational theory does not answer one of the main questions people ask. It does not explain why this interaction occurs. Thus, it is possible to state that figurational theory is descriptive in character. Conclusion On balance, the history and culture of the IOC can be considered in terms of several social theories. Functionalist, conflict and figurational theories can be applicable. However, these theories address different aspects (and even stages) of the development of organization. At present, many people focus on commercialisation of the organization and the overall Olympic movement. Many state that the organization is becoming a conventional example in terms of the conflict theory. The organization is believed to struggle for power and influence in various spheres of people’s life. However, the conflict theory can hardly be applicable even if when it comes to commercialization. Thus, the major aims of the organization remain unchanged: the IOC is promoting healthy life style and the Olympic Movement. There are no meaningful conflicts within the organization. By meaningful conflicts, significant conflicts which affect the organization’s aims, principles and objectives are meant. Commercialization of the organization can be regarded as one of the means to achieve the major objectives of the IOC. Notably, there are certain conflicts within the organization as it is constituted by individuals having different cultural backgrounds. Sometimes these conflicts result in introduction of specific policies applicable in this or that case. However, the organization itself has not been changed b y the conflicts. The conflicts within the organization resulted in changes in society rather than in the organization. Thus, conflicts of political views of different members of the IOC often resulted in boycotts of certain state policies (in case with Nazi Germany or South Africa). Of course, it is impossible to state that these policies alone led to positive changes in societies, but these policies have become one of the factors that affected the development of this or that society. Gender conflicts within the IOC have also contributed to the actual liberation of women. Nonetheless, as has been mentioned above, the major principles of equality and development of the Olympic Movement which have been characteristic features of the organization never changed. The organization as well as each of its branches strived for balance and development which proves relevance of functionalist theory when it comes to such organization as the IOC. Reference List Boudreau, J 2012, ‘Olympics global in economic impact: $7 billion in direct spending estimated’, Calgary Herald. Web. Coakley, J 2008, Sports in society: issues and controversies, McGraw Hill, Sydney, Australia. Coakley, JJ, Hallinan, C, Jackson, S Mewett, P 2009, Sports in society: issues and controversies in Australia and New Zealand, McGraw Hill, Sydney, Australia. Kamberidou, I Patsadaras, N 2007, ‘A new concept in European sport governance: sport as social capital’, Journal of Biology of Exercise 3.1, pp. 21-34. Li, M, MacIntosh, EW Gonzalo, B 2011, International Sport Management, Human Kinetics, Lower Mitcham, South Australia. Liu, JH 2007, ‘Lighting the torch of human rights: the Olympic Games as a vehicle for human rights reform’, Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights 5.2, pp. 213-235. Nauright, J 2012, Sports around the world, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA. Zemel, M 2011, ‘How powerful is the IOC? – Let’s talk about the environmentâ₠¬â„¢, Chicago-Kent Journal of Environment and Energy Law 1.2, pp. 173-220. This report on International Olympic Committee: History, Culture and Social Theory was written and submitted by user Junior Hoover to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cancers and Tumors

Cancers and Tumors Cancer is any of more than 100 diseases characterized by excessive, uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, which invade and destroy other tissues. Cancer develops in almost any organ or tissue of the body, but certain types of cancer are more lethal than others. Cancer is the leading cause of death in Canada and second only to heart disease in the United States. Each year, more than 1.2 million Americans and 132,000 Canadians are diagnosed with cancer, and more than 1,700 people die from cancer each day in the United States and Canada. For reasons not well understood, cancer rates vary by gender, race, and geographic region. For instance, more males have cancer than females, and African Americans are more likely to develop cancer than persons of any other racial and ethnic group in North America. Cancer rates also vary globallyresidents of the United States, for example, are nearly three times more likely to develop cancer than are residents of Egypt.Birmingham Children's Hospital, S teelhouse Lane, B...Although people of all ages develop cancer, most types are more common in people over the age of 50. Cancer usually develops gradually over many years, the result of a complex mix of environmental, nutritional, behavioral, and hereditary factors. Scientists do not completely understand the causes of cancer, but they know that certain lifestyle choices can dramatically reduce the risk of developing most types of cancer. Not smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising moderately for at least 30 minutes each day reduce cancer risk by more than 60 percent.Cancer begins in genes, bits of biochemical instructions composed of individual segments of the long, coiled molecule deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Genes contain the instructions to make proteins, molecular laborers that serve as building blocks of cells, control chemical reactions, or transport materials to and from cells. The...